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KMID : 0853020070100010036
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Journal of Korean Burn Society
2007 Volume.10 No. 1 p.36 ~ p.45
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Clinical Review of Pediatric Electric Burns
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Ha Chuan-Yu
Kim Hyun-Chul
Lee Dong-Lark
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Abstract
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Backgrounds: All the pediatric electric burns are preventable. We investigated the characteristics of pediatric electric burns. Descriptive statistics were generated for demographic, clinical and outcome characteristics. Such data can propose proper educational program designs to suit the community.
Methods: Between 1996 and 2006, 133 patients (8.2% of EB) under 15 year old were admitted. The mortality rate was 0.8%. Among them, 130 were studied the followings: injury mechanism, patient and burn demographics, changes of variable tissue enzymes, amputations, reconstructions and associated injuries.
Results: The incidence had been decreasing over the last four years without seasonal prevalence. The leading cause was sticking into plugs (chopstick injury) or touching of electrically live objects (88.5%). The 92.3% of accidents happened at home by residing facilities such as plugs (73.8%), low-tension live line (16.9%). Male occupied 68.5%. Mean age was 3.3±2.6 year old. Mean burned area was 2.4±4.8% TBSA. Most of the victims were affected by low tension (97.7%) of direct contact burns. Most of currency transmitted from hands (right; 82.3%, left; 66.9%) without exit site (76.9%). Urine myoglobin was positive in 10.8%. EKG was abnormal in 3.8%. CKMB value (66 patients) was normal in 65.1% and 6.0% had increase over 51 ng/ml. CPK value (19) was normal in 78.9% and over 2,501U/L was 10.5%. LDH value (15) was normal in 20.0% and over 501 IU/L was 33.4%. AST value was normal in 112 (86.2%) and 13 (10.0%) returned to normal within one week (mean; 111.2±106.5 IU/L). ALT was normal in 121 (93.1%) and 5 (3.8%) returned to normal within one weak (mean; 110.6±99.1 IU/L). Conventional dressing only underwent in 50 (38.5%), STSG in 32 (24.6%), FTSG in 41 (31.5%). Eleven (8.5%) underwent 18 minor amputations at 25.0±18.6 PBD. Four (36.4% of amputee) had multiple amputations. There were more finger (72.2%) than toe (27.8%) amputations. Forty-one (31.5%) underwent 72 reconstructive procedures (1.8/person) at 20.3±12.7 PBD. Local transposition flap was the most common one (50.0%). Upper extremity occupied 63 (87.5%) cases, U/E need 28 (38.8%) local transposition and 15 (20.8%) fasciocutaneous flaps. Nine (4.6%) had 11 associated injuries. Most common one was LOC (3.8%).
Conclusions: Though the mortality rate was low and electrical burns represented only a small proportion of injuries, the morbidity and disability were great. Such injuries can be prevented with proper educational programs designed to prevent sticking into plugs or touching of electrically live objects. (Journal of Korean Burn Society 2007;10:36-45)
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KEYWORD
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Pediatric electric burns, Chopstick injury
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